Abstract
The study had examined the functioning of women representatives and Presidents of gram panchayats in Karnataka, where reservations for these seats and posts have been in place for nearly twenty years. Participation in the activities of the Panchayat as well as leadership in carrying out the responsibilities of President have been considered in seven panchayats. Most women Presidents had not functioned as de facto Presidents, and men related to them did so instead. For the most part, reservations of seats have only made women nominal representatives and Presidents, rather than effective political leaders.